Metaprogramming Ruby_ Program Like the Ruby Pros (2nd ed.) .pdf

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Python or Ruby:

Python or Ruby is an eternal debate in the world of the web. Consider how they differ, and which language is right for you.

One of the classic questions in the programming world is: “What to choose - ruby ​​or python?”. At first glance, both languages ​​have similar advantages, are in demand, and are actively developing. Supporters of each of the camps lure doubters to their side, using controversial arguments.
We will conduct our own comparison of python and ruby ​​according to 6 criteria to find out which language is right for you.

Story
Today it’s hard to believe, but for a long time, beginning web geeks did not have a dilemma: “what to learn - ruby ​​or python?”.

Python is officially 4 years older than its main competitor, it was developed in 1991. All these 26 years, he has been gradually developing, penetrating into all areas of IT from desktop applications to artificial intelligence, and has been building up the community.

Yukihiro Matsumoto, the creator of Ruby, had enough time to appreciate all the pros and cons of not only Python, but also other languages ​​(in particular, perl). However, the first years after birth were given to Ruby hard - for several years official documentation was being prepared, the community did not develop as fast as Matsumoto wanted. Significant progress was made only in 2005, when Ruby on Rails, a framework with rich web features, appeared. New opportunities attracted the masses and from that moment on, Ruby became a full-fledged competitor to python in the world of the web.

Easy to learn
A clear answer to the question: “Which is easier - python or ruby?” does not exist. It's like with cinema: among the world blockbusters, you can find both informative action and films, where the actors play is at the forefront. Some do not exclude others, and the viewer, devoid of stereotypes, will see the beauty in every approach.

Python or Ruby in this comparison is action or drama. Python is a straightforward, extremely simplified language with tons of special effects. Ruby is more subtle, elegant, but also understandable after a short acquaintance. Here is a simple syntax comparison using time calculation as an example:

Ruby:
require8 'active_support / all'
new_time = 1.month.from_now

Community
This is where Python wins unconditionally. True, this is characterized not so much by the quality and thoughtfulness of the language, but by a greater number of areas of application. Due to the fact that Python has many mathematical and statistical libraries, more is asked about it in student and scientific forums. For Ruby devotees, almost all resources are dedicated to the web. This topic has been studied up and down, so activity is mainly driven by new Ruby on Rails bugs.

However, the unequivocal answer to whether python or ruby ​​is better for beginners is not, in both communities you will find comprehensive answers to any questions.

Scope of application
The obvious advantage of Python. As mentioned above, Python is used in:

Web
mobile and desktop applications;
games;
Big data
artificial intelligence;
network administration.
Ruby can only answer this with sophistication on the web.

If you take the names of companies officially supporting the language as a measure of success, there is equality:
Python: Google, Instagram, Pinterest, Mozilla Firefox and National Geographic.
Ruby: Apple, Airbnb, Twitter, Github, and Groupon.

So for the average programmer, the issue of choosing python or ruby ​​for the web is relevant. If application width is necessary then Python.

Performance
In terms of coding speed, Python is the winner of this round. The point here is both in the amount of code and in the general desire of language developers to speed up writing programs to the utmost. However, according to the latest reports from the forums, working with Ruby is more convenient due to the greater “humanity” of the language and the development of the Ruby on Rails platform.
But the performance of the executable code will help evaluate special tests. One of them is given here. Let’s take a look at the adapted Perl Python comparison chart Ruby PHP:

Obviously, modern Ruby significantly outperforms its “founders”, which brings us to point 6 of comparison.

Perspective
If you look at the dynamics of development - at Ruby it is much cooler. Moreover, if we are talking specifically about the web, despite the whole development of Django, it is Ruby on Rails that has great features and features: speed, tools, and reaction to trends.

Python is increasingly moving away from the web to other disciplines. Today it is deployed on almost every Linux-machine, it fights on an equal footing with MATLAB in the field of combinatorics and neural networks, etc.

Therefore, it is wrong to say that Ruby is more promising than Python, just the vectors of language development are completely different.

Output
If you consider python or ruby ​​as the first programming language, it is better to learn both at a basic level in any order. At the next stage, you can already start from personal preferences and impressions, devoting a future career to only one of them.

If this desire is to gain a new profitable specialization, then both languages ​​are bypassed, since in Russia they are much less popular than Java, PHP, etc.

In all other cases, the choice of the best language is directly dependent on the scope of your future activities. Exclusively for the web, Ruby looks more promising today. But if your ambitions are much wider - only Python will become a universal tool for you.